A comprehensive case report on dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome

Case report

Abstract

Dapsone is an antimicrobial agent with anti-inflammatory properties used commonly in the treatment of leprosy. However, it can rarely cause a severe adverse drug reaction known as dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS). The main objective of this case report is to highlight the challenges in diagnosis and management of this potentially life-threatening DHS. We present a case of a patient who developed DHS after long-term dapsone therapy. The clinical features, laboratory and radiological investigations, differential diagnosis and treatment are described. The patient presented with fever, skin rash and involvement of multiple organs. DHS was confirmed based on diagnostic criteria. Dapsone was immediately discontinued and the patient was started on corticosteroids. Other potential causes were ruled out. DHS is a rare but serious reaction to dapsone. It can mimic other conditions making diagnosis challenging. Awareness of this adverse effect is important for healthcare professionals prescribing dapsone, especially long-term, to promptly identify and manage the condition. Our case highlights the key aspects in diagnosis and management of DHS