Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Applications of Litchi chinensis

Review Article

Abstract

Litchi chinensis Sonn., belongs to the Sapindaceae family, is a valuable medicinal plant with extensive traditional uses and therapeutic applications. The fruit, characterized by its sweet-aromatic pulp and distinctive reddish pericarp, contains numerous bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, and triterpenoids. The main compounds isolated from various parts of the plant include epicatechin, procyanidins, and polysaccharides, which are responsible for its pharmacological activities. Scientific studies have shown the plant's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. The fruit pulp is rich in essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, while the pericarp and seeds contain unique phytochemicals with therapeutic potential. Modern research has proved several traditional medicinal applications through in vitro and in vivo studies, particularly in areas of diabetes management, cardiovascular health, and cancer treatment. The plant's antioxidant properties, attributed to its polyphenolic constituents, have shown positive results in various experimental models. Additionally, studies on litchi's effects on lipid metabolism and glucose regulation suggest its capability in managing metabolic disorders. However, systematic clinical trials are needed to establish its therapeutic efficacy and safety profile. The current scientific evidence supporting litchi's medicinal properties makes it as a valuable resource for developing novel pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.