Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Applications of Dioscorea alata

Review Article

Abstract

Dioscorea alata, commonly known as purple yam or Jimikand, represents a significant tropical tuber crop with established nutritional and therapeutic properties. The tuber contains diverse phytoconstituents, including alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and saponins, which contribute to its biological activities. Experimental studies have demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties. The tuber exhibits hypoglycemic effects through enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism regulation. Its antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains suggests potential applications in treating infectious diseases. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are attributed to bioactive compounds such as diosgenin and polyphenols. Traditional medicine systems have utilized D. alata for managing various conditions, including digestive disorders, inflammatory conditions, and metabolic diseases. The tuber's rich nutritional profile, comprising essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, enhances its value as a functional food. However, consumption of raw tubers may cause gastrointestinal distress in some individuals, and potential drug interactions necessitate careful consideration in therapeutic applications. Recent pharmacological studies indicate promising cardioprotective, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties, warranting further investigation for drug development