Classification of Stem Cells and Their Uses in Regenerative Medicine

Review article

Abstract

Stem cell therapy stands as a modern biomedical innovation with transformative solutions for degenerative, autoimmune, genetic, and hematological disorders. These remarkable cells, distinguished by their self-renewal capacity and multipotent differentiation abilities, form the basis for regenerative medicine. Various stem cell types like embryonic, adult, induced pluripotent, and perinatal cells, each account for unique therapeutic option. The main applications range from tissue regeneration and cardiac repair to neurological disorder treatment and oncology. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has demonstrated particular success in treating blood disorders, including leukemia and thalassemia. The clinical implementation of stem cell therapies faces several challenges, including immune rejection risks, ethical considerations, tumorigenic potential, and technical challenges in cell culture and preservation. Recent advances in three-dimensional culture systems, cryopreservation methods, and genetic reprogramming have expanded research capabilities and therapeutic potential. Evolving techniques include through precision medicine integration, immunomodulation innovations, and cellular engineering breakthroughs. Current research is centered around optimizing therapeutic outcomes while overcoming safety concerns and standardization. Stem cell therapy can unlock the closed doors for treatment of diseases which are otherwise impossible with conventional medicine and personalized healthcare