A Review on Integration of Precision Medicine in Oncology Practice

Review Article

Abstract

Oncology, the medical specialty focused on cancer study, diagnosis, and treatment, has experienced remarkable progress over the years. The introduction of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy has broadened treatment possibilities, yet the field continues to face significant challenges. Precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine, has emerged as a transformative approach in this complex environment. It offers innovative strategies for disease prevention and treatment by considering individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle differences. A leading trend in precision oncology is the formulation of personalized treatment plans based on the distinct genetic and molecular characteristics of each patient's tumor. The evolution of precision medicine in oncology has been driven by technological advancements such as genomic sequencing technologies, high-throughput screening, bioinformatics, targeted therapy, liquid biopsy, CRISPR and gene editing, and the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning. These innovations have significantly influenced cancer treatment, enabling more precise and effective interventions. This article examines the critical technological developments propelling precision medicine forward and assesses their impact on oncology. It also explores the essential steps required to integrate precision medicine into clinical practice, addressing the challenges and advantages associated with its adoption. Integrating precision medicine into oncology promises to enhance the accuracy of diagnoses, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce adverse effects by tailoring interventions to individual patient profiles.  This review discusses the importance of continued research and technological innovation in realizing the full potential of precision oncology