The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis, Therapy, and Drug Development for Cancer

Review Article

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into oncology signifies a paradigm shift in the management of malignancies, directly addressing the complexities of cancer biology and the exponential growth of biomedical data. As a heterogeneous collection of diseases characterized by intricate genetic and epigenetic alterations, cancer necessitates advanced analytical tools for effective clinical management. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) technologies are now pivotal in analyzing high-dimensional datasets derived from multi-omics, medical imaging, and electronic health records, demonstrating superior capability in identifying subtle patterns imperceptible to human analysis. These computational models are revolutionizing early detection, where radiomics and genomic sequencing significantly enhance diagnostic precision. In the therapeutic domain, AI optimizes radiotherapy planning, predicts drug sensitivity, and facilitates robotic-assisted surgery, ensuring interventions are tailored to individual patient profiles. Beyond direct clinical care, these systems improve patient management through remote monitoring and streamline clinical trial recruitment processes. Additionally, pharmaceutical innovation is accelerated by computational frameworks that expedite drug discovery and repurposing. Ultimately, the synthesis of these technologies drives the transition towards highly personalized, data-driven oncological care, provided that implementation is supported by rigorous validation and robust ethical standards.