The Re-emergence of Deuterated Drugs in 21st Century

Review article

Abstract

The idea of substituting hydrogen isotope atoms with a deuterium isotope is an illustration of bio-isosteres, in which the biological effects of a recognized medicine are synthesized in an analog that is intended to have superior qualities. The Food and Drug Administration’s clearance of the first drug with a deuterium label highlights the recent growth in the employment of deuteration in medicinal chemistry. When faced with issues including metabolism-mediated toxicity, drug interactions, and poor bioactivation, precision deuteration goes beyond the basic improvement of a medication's pharmacokinetic properties and may present an opportunity. Deuterium is used in even more diverse ways, allowing for the possibility of lowering epimerization levels, lowering co-administered booster doses, and finding molecules whose mechanisms of action are based on deuterium. However, creating, synthesizing, and producing an effective deuterated medicine and studying its toxic effects is far from simple, and the transition from idea to reality is frequently unexpected. Deuterated compounds often have advantages over their non-deuterated counterparts, usually due to changes in clearance. Deuteration may also reroute metabolic pathways to minimize toxicity. Additional deuterated chemicals may soon be approved. Practitioners will need to be knowledgeable about the dosage, effectiveness, potential adverse effects, and particular metabolic profiles of these novel substances