A Case Report on Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome with Chronic Pulmonary Embolism Secondary to Deep Vein Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia

Case report

Abstract

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and a high risk of thrombotic events and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We report a case of a 42-year-old female patient with APS who developed chronic pulmonary embolism secondary to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and thrombocytopenia. The patient presented with shortness of breath, cough with expectoration, black stools, and a history of DVT, abortion, and decreased platelet count. Physical examination revealed pallor, edema, and blackish discoloration of the right lower limb. Laboratory investigations showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated reticulocyte count. Imaging studies, including ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scan, confirmed the presence of hepatic hemangioma and multiple pulmonary thrombi. The patient was diagnosed with APS with chronic pulmonary embolism secondary to DVT and thrombocytopenia. Treatment included anticoagulants (rivaroxaban and aspirin), diuretics (furosemide), antacids (pantoprazole), and symptomatic relief (cough syrup). This case highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt management of APS to prevent life-threatening thrombotic complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes