A Comprehensive Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Aegle marmelos

Review Article

Abstract

Aegle marmelos, commonly known as bael or Indian quince, is a revered plant in Ayurvedic medicine and Hindu culture. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of A. marmelos. The plant has been traditionally used for various ailments, including diarrhea, dysentery, fever, respiratory disorders, and hemorrhoids, due to its cooling, gastroprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The phytochemical analysis of A. marmelos has revealed the presence of terpenoids, coumarins, alkaloids, fatty acids, and amino acids in various parts of the plant. These compounds contribute to the pharmacological activities of the plant, including antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antiulcer, and antimalarial activities. The fruit of A. marmeloshas been reported to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, while the leaf extract exhibits hepatoprotective and antimalarial activities. The unripe fruit has shown cardioprotective effects, and the fruit pulp has been used to treat chronic diarrhea and dysentery. Additionally, the plant extracts have demonstrated anticancer potential against various human tumor cell lines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of A. marmelos, highlighting its potential as a valuable medicinal plant for further research and drug development