Innovations in Nanoparticle-Mediated mRNA Delivery

Review Article

Abstract

A safe and efficient delivery system and enhanced mRNA stability can lead to successful mRNA treatment. The mRNA vaccine is a ground-breaking immunology discovery that has gained international recognition after winning the prestigious Nobel Prize. It has emerged as a promising prophylactic and therapeutic modality for a variety of diseases, particularly cancer, rare diseases, and infectious diseases like COVID-19. A plethora of nanoscale platforms, including lipid nanoparticles, lipoplexes, polyplexes, and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, have emerged as frontrunners in mRNA delivery research. These platforms serve to safeguard mRNA from extracellular degradation and facilitate endosome escape, thereby augmenting therapeutic efficacy. The efficacy can be increased by using nanoscale platforms to shield mRNA from extracellular degradation and to encourage endosome egress following endocytosis. This article offers a summary of the many nanoplatforms used in preclinical and clinical research to deliver mRNA phases of preclinical and clinical development, encompassing formulation, method of production, effectiveness of transfection, and mode of administration. Additionally, this article discusses the state of the mRNA vaccine market and its future possibilities