Development, Phytochemical Screening, and Evaluation of Herbal Sunscreen Cream Containing Musa paradisiaca L. Extract

Research Article

Abstract

Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is one of the primary environmental factors for dermatological conditions, including actinic keratosis, premature photoaging, and various forms of cutaneous malignancies. While synthetic ultraviolet filters are widely utilized, growing concerns regarding their potential for systemic absorption and environmental persistence have shifted scientific focus toward botanical alternatives rich in secondary metabolites. The present research involves the formulation of a topical herbal sunscreen utilizing an extract derived from the peels of Musa paradisiaca L. (Kepok banana). The formulation was developed by utilizing the banana peel extract into an emulsion base enriched with natural lipids, including Cocos nucifera, Prunus dulcis, and Vitellaria paradoxa. Physicochemical characterization of the prepared herbal cream showed optimal pH compatibility with the human acid mantle, ranging between 5.82 and 6.5, alongside high spreadability and structural homogeneity. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value of 36.4, indicating significant efficacy in attenuating UVB-induced damage. The presence of specific flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the extract suggests a dual mechanism of action involving both physical UV absorption and biochemical neutralization of reactive oxygen species. The stable organoleptic properties and lack of phase separation over accelerated stability cycles suggest that botanical extracts from Musa paradisiaca is a viable, efficacious, and sustainable source for the development of high-performance photoprotective cosmeceuticals