Current Trends in Nanorobot Technology for Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Review Article

Abstract

The development of nanorobotics marks a paradigm shift in precision medicine, offering unprecedented control over therapeutic interventions at the cellular and molecular levels. This review discusses about the nanorobotic technology, and its transformative potential in targeted drug delivery systems. Unlike passive nanocarriers, nanorobots are engineered as active agents capable of autonomous navigation, sensing, and actuation within complex biological microenvironments. The discussion encompasses the structural classification of these devices, ranging from biohybrid systems utilizing DNA, leukocytes, and sperm cells to synthetic architectures driven by exogenous fields or endogenous chemical fuels. Moreover, the integration of advanced fabrication techniques such as electron-beam lithography and bio-inspired assembly is analyzed in the context of optimizing biocompatibility and functionality. The clinical versatility of nanorobots is highlighted through their application in diverse medical fields, including oncology, cardiology, neurology, and endocrinology, where they facilitate site-specific cargo release and minimally invasive microsurgery. Despite these advancements, significant hurdles regarding scalability, immunogenicity, and regulatory guidelines remain. More research is required to bridge the gap between laboratory prototypes and viable clinical realities, indicating the role of artificial intelligence in improving targeting and therapeutic efficacy.