A Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Portulaca oleracea L

Review Article

Abstract

Portulaca oleracea L. (Purslane) is an annual succulent distributed globally, recognized concurrently as a common potherb and a significant plant in diverse ethnomedicinal systems. Its historical application for treating a spectrum of ailments is increasingly supported by modern pharmacological investigations. The plant harbors a rich and complex phytochemistry, characterized by a variety of bioactive compounds. The main constituents include novel alkaloids (e.g., oleracone, oleraisoindole B), numerous flavonoids and homoisoflavonoids, therapeutic polysaccharides (e.g., POL-P3b), and a notable concentration of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic acid. Scientific evaluations have confirmed its potent biological activities, chief among them being significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Evidence also points to strong antitumor mechanisms, antimicrobial action against various pathogens, and beneficial effects on metabolic disorders, including diabetes and adipogenesis. Moreover, its immunomodulatory and dermatological protective effects are areas of growing interest. This convergence of traditional knowledge and contemporary scientific validation highlights the substantial potential of P. oleracea as a source for developing novel therapeutic agents and functional food ingredients. More practical investigations, particularly in clinical practice, is necessary to fully harness its therapeutic utility