Digital Health Literacy and its Impact on Preventive Healthcare Behaviors in Resource-Limited Nigerian Communities

Review Article

Abstract

Nigeria faces significant healthcare delivery challenges despite a mobile penetration rate of 70%, primarily due to rural-urban digital disparities, infrastructure limitations, and educational barriers. Digital health literacy programs are potential solutions to bridge healthcare gaps in resource-constrained communities. Various initiatives, including government-led programs, NGO interventions, and academic efforts, have been implemented across Nigeria to enhance preventive healthcare behaviors. SMS-based health education programs increased antenatal care attendance by 29% and immunization coverage by 59.4% in pilot studies. Tablet-based applications for maternal health monitoring reduced maternal mortality rates in Ondo State, while telehealth platforms promoted preventive practices nationwide. Implementation challenges include infrastructure deficits, low digital awareness, and public healthcare system mistrust. Cultural adaptation remains vital, considering Nigeria's 522+ indigenous languages and diverse religious contexts. The outcomes indicate that digital health literacy significantly influences health knowledge and decision-making, though benefits vary across demographic groups. Socioeconomic status, education level, gender, age, and regional location affect program effectiveness. Digital Health Literacy can be further improved by developing culturally-appropriate applications, strengthening digital infrastructure, and integrating programs into national health systems. Public-private partnerships play a crucial role in improving Nigeria's preventive health agenda through digital transformation.