Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Following Cesarean Section

Case Report

Abstract

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations and potentially severe complications, particularly in the peripartum period. We present a case of a 23-year-old female who developed PRES eight days after cesarean section. The patient presented with acute onset of visual disturbances, frontal headache, multiple seizure episodes, and vomiting. Her medical history was significant for gestational thrombocytopenia and anemia. Clinical examination revealed elevated blood pressure (160/100 mmHg) with otherwise stable vital signs and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of E₄M₆V₅. Laboratory investigations demonstrated thrombocytopenia (1.14 lakhs/cumm), elevated inflammatory markers (ESR 70 mm/hr), and abnormal liver function tests. Magnetic Resonance Imaging with venography confirmed PRES, showing T₂W₁/Flair hyperintensities in the right supraventricular parietal region and left cerebellar hemisphere. The patient received comprehensive treatment including intravenous fluids, anticonvulsants, antihypertensives, and supportive care. After four weeks of hospitalization, she showed significant clinical improvement and was discharged on oral medications with a planned follow-up regimen. Early intervention and appropriate medical management can lead to favorable outcomes in this potentially severe but reversible condition