Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS) Syndrome

Review Article

Abstract

Often preceded by a streptococcal infection, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections, or PANDAS, is an uncommon syndrome marked by the abrupt development of tic disorders or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is thought that the infection generated an inflammatory reaction that resulted in brain inflammation and this disease. A multidisciplinary strategy combining medical practitioners, mental health specialists, and behavioural therapists is necessary for the effective management of PANDAS. Appropriate therapy and early diagnosis can assist enhance results and lessen the condition's long-term effects on children's lives. PANDAS and similar illnesses, such Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS), which includes a wider spectrum of infections and immunological triggers, have been the subject of ongoing research in recent times. The goal of current research is to elucidate the connections between autoimmune reactions, infections, and neuropsychiatric disorders. PANDAS is still a subject of significant clinical and research interest. Although some medical and psychiatric organisations acknowledge it as a genuine diagnosis, there is ongoing discussion over its prevalence, etiology, and optimal methods for diagnosis and treatment. The conversation surrounding PANDAS is still being shaped by our growing understanding of the roles played by infections and autoimmune diseases in neuropsychiatric disorders. It is essential to comprehend the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, signs, symptoms, and possible side effects of PANDAS in order to identify and manage the condition early