A Multi-Stage Observational Study to Understand the Evolution of Acute Kidney Injury into Chronic Kidney Disease

Research Article

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline in renal function, often progressing to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if not managed promptly. This multi-stage observational study aimed to assess the transition of AKI to CKD by evaluating biomarker levels and associated risk factors. A cohort of 300 AKI patients was enrolled, categorized into five severity stages based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were monitored for up to 20 months. The study revealed a significant correlation between AKI severity and the likelihood of transitioning to CKD. Patients in Stage 5 AKI had the highest risk, with 100% developing CKD. Stages 3 and 4 also exhibited high transition rates of 78.4% and 89.7%, respectively. Conversely, Stage 1 and 2 patients showed lower transition rates of 36.1% and 13%, respectively. The study highlights the importance of early AKI identification and management to prevent CKD progression. Future research should explore the utility of biomarkers for early CKD detection, risk stratification, and personalized treatment plans