An Overview of Complexities of Ebola Virus

Review Article

Abstract

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), a deadly viral hemorrhagic illness, is caused by infection with a strain of the Ebola virus, belonging to the Filoviridae family. Due to globalization, the disease has emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly impacting regions with large migrant populations. Initially manifesting as nonspecific flu-like symptoms, patients progress rapidly to shock and multiorgan failure. This review provides an extensive examination of EVD, covering clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, treatment strategies, preventive measures, and management protocols. The disease first surfaced in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, leading to sporadic outbreaks primarily in African countries. Six distinct strains of the virus have been identified, with bats believed to serve as primary reservoir hosts. Human outbreaks typically stem from contact with infected forest animals, consumption of bushmeat, or exposure to contaminated bodily fluids. Human-to-human transmission occurs through direct contact with infected fluids, particularly via damaged skin or mucous membranes. EVD presents with sudden onset 'flu-like' symptoms (fever, muscle pain, chills), vomiting, and diarrhea, rapidly progressing to a severe state marked by hemorrhagic complications and multiple organ failure