Reviewing the Therapeutic Uses and Pharmacology of Glycyrrhiza glabra

Review Article

Abstract

Liquorice is widely acknowledged as a potent medicinal herb, with its roots and rhizomes being utilized in traditional medicine for generations due to their well-established therapeutic properties. Despite the presence of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in various medicinal herbs, which can lead to liver damage, no such toxicity has been observed when liquorice is used in combination with these herbs, particularly as an antihepatitis remedy. Since ancient times, medical practitioners and herbalists have harnessed the medicinal benefits of the liquorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., previously known as Liquiritae officinalis Moench). Modern research has validated many historical claims regarding the effectiveness of liquorice extracts, decoctions, and potions. Glycyrrhizin, a key component found in liquorice roots, is recognized as its primary biologically active compound. It works by inhibiting renal 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, allowing cortisol to activate mineralocorticoid receptors, potentially leading to hypokalemia and hypertension. Additionally, both crude liquorice extract and its main constituent, glycyrrhizin, have demonstrated antiradical activity, protection against lipid peroxidation of liposomal membrane, and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release in whole blood. However, excessive consumption of liquorice can result in hypermineralocorticoidism, characterized by potassium imbalance, fluid retention, elevated blood pressure, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system