A Brief Review on Diabetes Mellitus

Short Communication

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a persistent metabolic disorder marked by heightened blood glucose levels, impacts millions globally. Its complex pathophysiology and tendency for complications underscore the importance of its management in healthcare. This review provides insight into a comprehensive approach to managing risk factors associated with diabetes, emphasizing pivotal strategies to mitigate complications and enhance the well-being of those affected. Effective management of diabetes commences with stringent regulation of blood glucose levels, given that hyperglycemia is its defining characteristic. Essential components of this regulation include regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, adherence to prescribed medications, and, when necessary, insulin therapy. However, managing diabetes extends beyond glucose control, necessitating the addressing of associated risk factors. Hypertension, prevalent among individuals with diabetes, significantly contributes to cardiovascular complications. Hence, managing blood pressure through lifestyle modifications such as adopting a low-sodium diet and engaging in regular exercise is crucial. Dyslipidemia, commonly coexisting with diabetes, requires attention to safeguard heart health, which can be achieved through dietary adjustments, exercise, and appropriate medication. Obesity and sedentary lifestyle, recognized risk factors for type 2 diabetes, can exacerbate its complications, underscoring the importance of weight management and regular physical activity in diabetes care. Quitting smoking is imperative as it further elevates the risk of heart disease and stroke, conditions already heightened in diabetes. Prioritizing optimal nutrition, with an emphasis on whole grains, lean proteins, and fruits and vegetables, aids in blood glucose regulation and diminishes the risk of obesity and cardiovascular issues.