A Brief Review on Different Chromatography Techniques

Review Article

Abstract

This review discusses about chromatography techniques employed for the separation of compounds, elucidating the intricate dynamics involved in this pivotal analytical process. The main focus is about categorization of materials constituting the mobile and stationary phases, forming the backbone of chromatographic methodologies. An in-depth analysis of solute-stationary phase interactions is presented, encompassing pivotal factors such as cavity formation, dispersion forces, lone-pair electron interactions, dipole-type interactions, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Various chromatography systems, including but not limited to column chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography are explored in this work. Each system is scrutinized for its unique contribution to retention mechanisms and separation efficiency. Method development in chromatography is further investigated, emphasizing the significance of assessing the solvation characteristics inherent in novel stationary phases. The role of interfacial adsorption in the context of gas chromatography technique development is expounded upon, shedding light on its impact on retention determination. This work serves as a guide for the evaluation of diverse material properties, aligning with the operational characteristics inherent in chromatography. The relevance of this analytical approach to material characterization is emphasized, providing a holistic perspective on the diverse applications and implications of chromatography in contemporary scientific research and analysis