Recent Advances in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Review Article

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), particularly transdermal patches, represent a significant advancement in pharmaceutical technology, offering non-invasive drug administration through the skin. These systems provide controlled release mechanisms and improved therapeutic outcomes. The evolution of TDDS has effectively addressed various limitations of conventional drug delivery methods, by escaping first-pass metabolism and maintaining steady plasma drug concentrations. Technological innovations have introduced sophisticated materials and formulation strategies, including advanced polymer matrices, smart delivery systems, and novel permeation enhancers. The integration of nanotechnology has expanded the scope of transdermal delivery, enabling the administration of previously unsuitable drug molecules. Current knowledge of skin structure and its barrier function has led to improved transdermal patch designs incorporating microemulsions, nanocarriers, and smart polymers. Advanced technologies such as microneedles, iontophoresis, and sonophoresis have significantly improved drug permeation capabilities. Marketed formulations demonstrate successful implementation of these technologies, while ongoing research continues to optimize characterization methods and delivery mechanisms. The development of more effective and patient-friendly transdermal systems has resulted in improved therapeutic outcomes and enhanced patient compliance, marking a significant advancement in drug delivery technology. Recent innovations suggest a promising future for transdermal delivery systems in addressing complex therapeutic challenges and meeting diverse patient needs.