Development and Evaluation of an Eco-friendly Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Using Neem and Turmeric-Coated Coconut Leaf Sheath

Research Article

Abstract

The development of sustainable, biodegradable wound dressings with antimicrobial properties could help in the management of wound care. The aim of this research work was to create a novel wound dressing material using coconut leaf sheath impregnated with neem (Azadirachta indica) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) extracts. The coconut sheaths underwent pre-treatment involving chemical softening with sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, followed by ultrasonic treatment. The medicated formulation incorporated neem extract, turmeric extract, and chitosan as a natural film-former. The antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time-kill kinetics methods. The medicated gauze demonstrated significant zones of inhibition: 16.42 mm against E. coli and 19.85 mm against C. albicans. FTIR analysis confirmed successful incorporation of bioactive compounds, showing characteristic peaks for phenolic O-H, aromatic rings, and C-H stretching. The neem extract exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to turmeric, with MIC values of 125 µg/mL for both S. aureus and C. albicans. Time-kill studies revealed complete microbial elimination within 24 hours at twice the MIC concentration for neem extract. The developed wound dressing could be an efficient alternative to synthetic materials, offering natural antimicrobial properties while maintaining environmental sustainability.