A Review on Therapeutic Advances and Challenges in Treating Neurological Disorders

Review Article

Abstract

Neurological disorders represent significant healthcare challenges worldwide, with increasing mortality and morbidity rates despite modern medical advances. The complexity of the central nervous system, coupled with the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier, creates substantial obstacles in developing effective therapeutics. Recent developments in medicinal chemistry and drug design have led to novel approaches in treating various neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuropeptides, endogenous protein messengers synthesized by neurons, have emerged as promising therapeutic targets due to their crucial role in neuromodulation. The integration of computer-aided drug design, structure-based approaches, and advanced delivery systems has enhanced the potential for developing more effective neurological treatments. Clinical evidence suggests that targeting specific neuroreceptor systems and neurotransmitter pathways can yield improved therapeutic outcomes. However, challenges persist in drug delivery, biomarker identification, and translation of preclinical success to clinical efficacy. Recent collaborative efforts between regulatory agencies, research institutions, and pharmaceutical companies have accelerated the development of novel therapeutic tools and biomarkers for neurological disorders. Continued advancement in understanding disease mechanisms and drug development technologies offers promising prospects for treating these complex neurological conditions.