Molecular Design Principles and Applications of Green Chemistry

Review Article

Abstract

Green chemistry is a fundamental shift in chemical sciences, emphasizing the design of chemical products and processes that minimize environmental impact while maintaining economic viability. The core principles of green chemistry guide the development of sustainable alternatives across multiple industrial sectors, from pharmaceuticals to materials science. Implementation of these principles has led to significant advancements in reaction methodologies, solvent selection, catalyst design, and waste reduction strategies. Recent developments in biocatalysis, continuous flow processing, and process intensification have demonstrated substantial improvements in both environmental and economic metrics. Industrial adoption of green chemistry approaches has resulted in reduced waste generation, improved energy efficiency, and enhanced worker safety. Applications span diverse sectors including pharmaceutical manufacturing, agrochemical development, materials processing, and water treatment technologies. Integration of green chemistry principles into academic curricula and industrial practice continues to drive innovation in sustainable chemical processing. The molecular-level approach to sustainability through green chemistry principles has proven effective in addressing environmental challenges while maintaining technological advancement and economic growth